Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder, sometimes referred to as manic-depressive illness, is a mental health condition characterized by extreme shifts in mood, energy, and activity levels. These mood swings typically alternate between two main states: manic episodes and depressive episodes.
Signs & Symptoms
Manic Episodes: During manic episodes, individuals may experience heightened mood and energy levels. They might feel euphoric, excessively happy, or irritable. Their thoughts may race, and they might engage in impulsive or risky behaviors such as spending sprees, reckless driving, or making decisions without considering the consequences. They may also have a decreased need for sleep, talk rapidly, and have difficulty focusing on tasks.
Depressive Episodes: Depressive episodes in bipolar disorder are similar to those in major depressive disorder. Individuals may feel overwhelming sadness, hopelessness, or emptiness. They may lose interest in activities they once enjoyed, experience changes in appetite or weight, and have trouble sleeping or sleeping too much. Depressive episodes can also lead to feelings of worthlessness or guilt, difficulty concentrating, and thoughts of death or suicide.
Treatment Options
Treatment typically involves a combination of medication, such as mood stabilizers or antidepressants, and psychotherapy, including cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or psychoeducation. Lifestyle adjustments, such as maintaining a regular sleep schedule, managing stress, and avoiding drugs and alcohol, can also play a crucial role in managing bipolar disorder effectively. Regular monitoring and support from healthcare professionals are essential for long-term management and recovery.
